Change 3.5 bya to 100,000 ya First life to Homo Sapiens

First life emerged 3.5 billion yrs ago	byago: :3 2.7 2 1.7 l.2 .6 .6 .6
After 1 billion years atoms discover four methods of replication.	(1) Photoautorophs: harness light to derive organic compounds from carbon dioxide – the method of plants and algae. (2) Chemoautotraphs: feed on carbon dioxide derived from inorganic substances as hydrogen sulfide and ammonia. (3) Photoheterotrophs: use light to make ATP molecules where input carbon is in organic form. (4) Chemoherotrophis: consume organic molecules for energy and carbon – the method of fungi & animals.
(a) 3 billion yr old fossil from Australian. (b) Bacteria on head of a pin.	Bacteria do essential food processing and cause most major diseases. Archaes inhabit extreme conditions, occupy animal digestive tracts, digest grass and give off methane gas
Pharmaceutical companies use cells to produce antibiotic drugs.
Eukaryotic, membrane housed cells, emerged 1.7 billion yrs ago, containing DNA replication codes.	Membrane packaged cells captured specialized small cells, above left, and kept them as specialized organelles serving a colony of specialized functions. Their genetic codes were combine, creating new critters, each dedicated to it’s own survival. This was possible by evolving a housing membrane of “double door’s” – food comes in, waste goes out – one layer at a time, preserving the cell’s integrity.
Sunlight powers plant chemistry, while animals and fungi live off plants –nature recycles it’s parts.	Plant cell left and animal cell right, similar but different
Most DNA is contained in the Nucleus	Right: Synthesis of mRNA to cytoplasm to synthesis of Protein
Algae is a major producer of oxygen in earths atmosphere.	(a) Green algae, an edible species (b) Red algae abundant in the warm coastal waters. (c) Brown algae includes the largest seaweeds, known as kelp.
Living on land poses problems. Light and carbon dioxide are available above-ground, while water and mineral nutrients are found in the soil.
Most plants have symbiotic fungi with their roots Plants breath through leaves.	Leaves are the photosynthetic organs of plants, exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen between the atmosphere and the photosynthetic interior of a leaf occurs via microscopic pores through the leafs surface.
Algae to flowering plants.	Million yrs ago: 600 450 380 350 150 Green Algae Mosses Ferns Conifers Flowering plants
Ecosystems would collapse without fungi to decompose dead organisms.	(a) Flowering Plants (b) Fungai Mushroom have a tightly packed stem that extend upward from a massive root system growing underground where the cottony threads decompose organic litter.
	(a) Sponge (b) Anatomy of a sponge (c) Anatomy of earthworm. (d) Arthropod, a lobster.
Anthropods	(a) Scorpions among the first terrestrial carnivores. (b) Spiders hunt insects or trapping them in webs. (c) magnified house dust mite is a ubiquitous scavenger in our homes.
	(a) The mouth of a sea star is in the center of the undersurface, tube feet function in feeding. pushes its stomach out through its mouth to digests its prey. (b) sea urchins graze on seaweed and algae. (c) Sea cucumbers have rows of feet.
	Myrs: 560 550 540 510 410 380 350 200 350 Chordate Chordate Vertebrae Jaws Lungs Legs Eggs Feathers Hair Sharks Bony fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds Animals
	million yrs ago: 58 40 40 35 15 8 8 8 Prosimians, New & Old World, Gibbons, Orangutans, Gorillas, Chimpanzees. Human
100,000 yrs ago Homo Sapiens emergence from Africa