M02-Geology

Changing Mother Earth 4.5 billion years ago to now

Earth’s Iron core and plastic mantel Earths continents float & drift, 350 to 4 million years ago

Toilet PaperTime Scale

While sitting on the stool holding a roll of toilet paper I pondered how to describe Geological & Biological time. It came to me, transform the roll of paper into a time scroll. The disposed wrapper said there were 500 sheets. Rounding off Earths history as 5 billion years, then a single sheet represents 100 million years. When you hold time in your hands, think of this. Earths chemistry, doing what came natural, came up with four way for molecules to replicate – first life appeared 3.5 billion ago, 30% into the roll. First membrane housed cells 1.7 billion ago, 66% into the roll. Algae & oxygen atmosphere 600 million, 98%, that’s 6 sheets from the end. Sharks at 510 million followed by conifers, reptiles & single continent split at 350 million. Mammals 225 million, 2 sheets ago. Monkeys show up 40% into the last sheet, Guerrillas-Chimps-early humans 80 % into the last sheet. Homo Sapiens migrate from Africa 100,000 yrs ago which is the last 1% of the last sheet. All of human history takes place in the fuzz of the last sheet. My gosh, we humans barely register on a TP time scale!

Earths fracture lines “30% cell’s” upper left “66% cell’s” above Earths magnetic field

Packaged cell wall’s are “double door’s” – food comes in waste goes out – one layer at a time

after 1.8 billion years of trial and error, this method survived

Chemically dynamic Earth is constantly in play, bonds are broken and formed accordance with laws of chemistry and physics for immediate environmental conditions. Membrane packaged cells captured specialized small cell and kept them as specialized organelles along with their genetic codes thus creating new critters, each dedicated to it’s own survival. Geological forces interplay with Biological forces, atoms are never destroyed. Sunlight powers plant chemistry, while animals and fungi live off plants –nature recycles it’s parts.

Earth’s thermal conditions permit water to exist in the solid, liquid and gaseous state. Water wind and ice sculpture the earth. Sunlight converts water to vapor. Earth’s mass is great enough to retain gases and carry water in mobile clouds. Earth’s speed of rotation is just right, not too slow or too fast, to create weather patterns that swirl down from polar regions across its temperate zones carrying clouds of life giving water to plants. Animals too use water internally to transport food and waste. The depth and density of Earths atmospheres attenuate the suns rays an amount that maintains a balance between ice, water and land on the planets surface, and shield life from bursts of radiation from the Sun.

If the suns penetration raised the temperature of its northern region some 8 degrees F it would melt the arctic ice and it's cold vapor could possibly engulf the northern continents in snow fed glaciers. If the southern polar ice were melted the oceans would rise some 200 feet and inundate vast continental areas.

The outer atmosphere is ionized as it’s bombarded by cosmic rays. This Ionization Layer serves as a screen for bouncing short wave radio & TV waves. Light and radar pass through this screen and permit “seeing” what’s beyond.

The moon reflects light and with the aid of distant stars illuminates the Earth at night. The moon sustains a gravitational pull on the earth causing the oceans to alternately encroach upon and retreat from the land masses. Tides expose sea creatures to land and land creatures to the sea.

Other planets do not possess such features essential to life.

Earths thermal cycle

Earth has experienced thermal cycles causing significant changes in conditions for life forms. These in combination of Geological forces due to volcano’s and meteor impact have caused huge changes wiping out many existing forms of life. Much of this has only been learned since WW 2.

Earth is pear shaped. When firing continental ballistic missiles it was important to know the exact location of the earths surface, at launch and impact site. It was known that the radius of the earth is 13 miles greater than at the pole due to the centrifugal forces of rotation. With satellites it was determined the Earth is pear shaped smaller in north than in south.

Reversal of magnetic polarity Earths iron core is solid and surrounded by molten material, caused by nuclear decay, in motion generating a magnetic field. The Earths magnetic poles have reversed several times as revealed in changes of magnetic polarity frozen in place when sub-mantel material pushed up in mid-continent ridge as continents spread. Extensive drilling, in search of oil, has provided evidence of continent drift.

Earth’s inner dynamics

Marine Genus Biodiversity: Extinction Intensity

Permean Devonian Permean plants-n-critters

Earths ocean currents