FP-1923-1938

Events vs Time

11-xx-1928 Roosevelt elected Governor of NY

xx-xx-1928 Ford discontinues the Model-T and starts the Model-A

xx-xx-1929 Stock Market Crashes

xx-xx-1930 Stock Market slides lower

11-xx-1930 Roosevelt reelected Governor of NY

xx-xx-1931 Stock Market slides lower

xx-xx-1931 MacArthur—Pratt agreement: AAF responsible for US coastal defense.

02-20-1932 Congress repeal of Prohibition, goes to each state for ratification

06-xx-1932 Stock Market slides to 10% of 1929 hi: wheat 50 cents & corn 31 cents/bu, eggs 9 cents/doz

06-xx-1932 Martin XB-10 with (3) open cockpits is flown.

xx-xx-1932 At Disarmament Conference in Geneva US proposes ban on bombers.

xx-xx-1932 Hitler; Starts rise to power in Germany

06-xx-1932 President Hoover asks congress to cut Army-Navy pay 10%

xx-xx-1932 Congress Establishes Reconstruction Finance Corporation

07-xx-1932 Out of work veterans march on Washington seeking pension funds.

10-xx-1932 Martin B-10 fwd gunner enclosed in “bird cage”; uses Wright R-1820F 675 hp engine.

xx-xx-1932 Ford starts production of Model-B

xx-xx-1932 Roosevelt, campaign song is "Happy Days are Here Again"

11-xx-1932 Roosevelt replaces Hoover as President – industrial production down to 56% of 29 level.

xx-xx-1932 Mitchell; Billy supports Roosevelt -- Roosevelt receptive to new ideas.

xx-xx-1932 Public, Songs, Star Dust, Night & Day,

01-xx-1933 48 B10 Bombers ordered; crew enclosed, 2260 lb bombs, 452 gal gas max, 207 mph max.

01-xx-1933 Hitler comes to power. Germany withdraws from Disarmament Conference.

03-04-1933 Roosevelt’s Inaugural Address: "President Hoover, Mr. Chief Justice, my friends, this is a day of national consecration, and I am certain that my fellow Americans expect that on my induction into the residency I will address them with a candor and decision which the present situation of the nation impels. This is preeminently the time to speak the truth, frankly and boldly. Nor need we shrink from honestly facing conditions in our country today. This great nation will endure as it has endured, will revive and will prosper. So, first of all, let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself-nameless, unreasoning, unjustified terror which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance. We do not distrust the future of essential democracy. The people of the United States have not failed. In their need they have registered a mandate that they want direct, vigorous action. They have asked for discipline and direction under leadership. They have made me the present instrument of their wishes. In the spirit of the gift I take it."

03-09-1933 Roosevelt closes banks to stop runs, banks in good shape soon reopenrd.

03-31-1933 Congress passes Civil Conservation Corp: 250,000 ages 18-25 go to 1468 camps led by 25,000 veterans & 25,000 woodsmen. It grows to 2.5 million young men a large percent of whom will become WWII soldiers. The Army is put in charge of building the CCC camps, Marshall is leader in this effort.

06-xx-1933 Congress establishes Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

06-xx-1933 Congress establishes Farm Credit Administration

06-xx-1933 Congress establishes Federal Emergency Relief Administration

06-xx-1933 Congress establishes Home Owners Loan Corporation

06-xx-1933 Congress establishes Federal Housing Authority, broadens Hoovers RFC

06-xx-1933 Congress establishes Agricultural Adjustment Administration

06-xx-1933 Congress passes National Industrial Recovery Act

06-xx-1933 Congress establishes Public Works Administration, skilled unemployed to build schools

06-xx-1933 Congress establishes National Recovery Administration

06-xx-1933 Congress passes Tennessee Valley Authority, builds hydro-electric plants

06-xx-1933 Congress establishes Securities Exchange Commission

06-xx-1933 Congress establishes Works Projects Administration; 2,100,000 unskilled workers.

12-xx-1933 Congress repeals prohibition, 3.2 beer no longer the limit

xx-xx-1933 Drought, Midwest experiences severe drought, conditions depicted by movie Grapes of Wrath.

xx-xx-1933 Public, Songs, Stormy Weather

01-xx-1934 Gold, Congress establishes that the Gold content [value] of the Dollar is 59%

xx-xx-1934 Silver, Congress passes Silver Purchase Act

06-xx-1934 B10 Martin first flight test

07-xx-1934 B10A equipped with turbo supercharger, forerunner to B-17 supercharger.

07-xx-1934 Congress rejects an independent AF – but project an increase to 2320 planes by 1940.

09-xx-1934 Boeing initiates design of B-17

xx-xx-1934 US spends 17.4 million on military aircraft.

03-xx-1935 Hitler renounces Versailles Pact; announces German rearmament.

05-xx-1935 B-17 Prototype first flight, uses R-1820 engine, same as the B-10

06-xx-1935 Boeing study initiated on XB-15, long range bomber.

06-xx-1935 Douglas study initiated on XB-19, long range bomber -- B-29 will use B-19 tail.

07-xx-1935 B-10B first delivery; R-1820-33 750 hp engine, 2260 lb bomb load, top speed 215 mph

08-xx-1935 Congress passes Neutrality Act

10-02-1935 Roosevelt arranges for MacArthur to go to Philippines

10-xx-1935 Musolini invades Ethiopia

10-30-1935 Boeing XB-17 crashes – causes Douglas B-18 to win contract competition.

01-xx-1936 13 Boeing YB-17 ordered – coastal reconnaissance charter keeps 4 engine design alive

01-xx-1936 133 Douglas B-18 Ordered – uses R1820 engine, same as B-10 & B-17

03-xx-1936 P-39 Bell; Design initiated

09-xx-1936 XB-19 Douglas design contract released

10-xx-1936 Axis Germany-Italy; Hitler and Mussolini reach Axis Accord

11-xx-1936 President, Roosevelt wins a 2nd term over Landon

12-xx-1936 News Media; Walter Lippman says Philippines are "Strategic Trap" Isolationism hangs heavy

02-xx-1937 B-18 Douglas; first production delivery

03-xx-1937 P-40 Curtis; Warhawk design initiated

06-xx-1937 P-38 Lockheed; Lightning design initiated

06-xx-1937 177 Douglas B-18A ordered: (2) R-1820-53 850 hp engines, max speed 215 mph. 2200 lb bomb load. Cost $65,800 (2/3 the cost of 4 engine B-17 with better performance).

07-xx-1937 Japan invades China

10-xx-1937 XB-15 Boeing first flight; (4) R-1830-11 PW engines, (12,000 lb bomb load Guam to Japan)

xx-xx-1937 A-20 Douglas; Havoc design initiated

11-xx-1937 B-19 Douglas; Prototype XB-19 ordered.

12-12-1937 Japan sinks US gun boat in China, then apologize. Test reveals US will not fight – has influence on their Pearl Harbor decision.

02-xx-1938 B-25 North American; Mitchell design initiated

06-xx-1938 Navy board opposes further development of XB-15, range beyond B-17 not required.

xx-xx-1938 50.9 million spent on aircraft vs 17.4 million in 1934

07-xx-1938 Marshall, Assigned to War Plans Division in Washington DC

09-xx-1938 B-24 Consolidated; Liberator design initiated

09-xx-1938 Total Defense Budget is 250 million

09-xx-1938 Hitler moves into Czechoslovakia

09-xx-1938 Chamberlin-Hitler make Munich Agreement giving Czechoslovakia to Germany.

xx-xx-1938 France passes Munich agreement 535 to 75

xx-xx-1938 England passes Munich agreement 366 to 144

09-xx-1938 Japan invades remainder of Manchuria

09-xx-1938 Italy invades Ethiopia.

09-xx-1938 Allies seek to buy armaments, US industry begins to respond.

09-xx-1938 B-19 Douglas recommends cancellation of XB-19, a better wing was needed. Douglas facilities and personnel were flooded with orders. AAF insisted on continuing to build the XB-19 as a test bed.

10-xx-1938 P-40, Curtis; Warhawk prototype first flight

10-11-1938 Roosevelt seeks 300 million for defense

10-14-1938 French brief Roosevelt who immediately asks for 500 million and 15,000 airplanes per year.

10-xx-1938 Marshall; Marshall makes 1 week 8000 air mile tour of aircraft plants.

11-xx-1938 Marshall; Briefs Roosevelt for balanced force; ie, we need more than planes. Roosevelt proposes 24,000 planes per year. (Eventually CCC funds will be used to build up industry for military; WPA will build (7) aircraft plants, including the Wichita KS plant.) Roosevelt requests 552 million, 180 million to be for 3000 airplanes to impress Germany

12-xx-1938 A-20, Douglas; Havoc prototype first flight

xx-xx-1938 Movies Snow White & Seven Dwarfs with Hi Ho & Whistle While You Work, Mutiny on the Bounty, It Happened one Night Gable & Colbert, Beau Guest. 85 million people a week went to movies.

28^th Sqd Clark Field PI 1922-1938

06-22-1922 the 28^th Sqd was activated and sent to Clark Field, Philippines where they flew LB-5, P-12’s, B-3;s & P-26’s. In 1935 they were upgraded to B-10’s and in 1939 to B-18’s. In 1941 the B-10’s were given to the Philippine AF – who flew them into combat.

Philippine Defense

Army Air Corp Operations at Clark Field was only one part of the greater Philippine defense plan.

Many in the 19^th BG during WW II had previously received Army training such as that at Fort Sill.

19^th BG Operations 1932-1938

Oct 18-1927 19th was authorized as Observation Grp & in 1929 re-designated as a Bomb Grp.

Jun 24-1932 the 19th BG was activated; Rockwell Field CA & 30th Sqd reactivated as part of it.

The largest flying field on the West Coast was named, "March Field" in honor of Lt Peyton C. March Jr, killed at San Antonio. He was son of Gen Peyton C. March, U.S. Army Chief of Staff WW I.

Dec 1934 the 7^th BG, stationed at March Field, was moved to Hamilton Field 20 mi north of San Francisco under the command of Maj C. Tinker.

March 1935 the 1^st Wing General Headquarters Air Force was constructed at March Field under the command of newly appointed Brig Gen Henry H. Arnold then in Command at March Field. The 1^st Wing consisted of the following States: Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho, Nevada, Arizona, Montana, Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, and a small portion of Texas, including El Paso.

October 25, 1935, the 19th Bombardment Group, complete with officers and enlisted men, was moved from Rockwell Field, California, to March Field, California, for permanent station.

Rockwell Field was transferred & renamed Naval Air Station North Island San Diego CA

1935 Hap Arnold led B-10’s on flights to map the west coast of US including Alaska.

Oct 20 1939 the 93^rd Sqd was reactivated as part of the 19^th BG

1939 to 1941 the 19^th BG trained in B-18’s & B-17’s

mid 1941 the 19^th BG moved to Albuquerque NM pending shipment to Philippines

Lt Payton March Jr L/Col Hap Arnold 1932 B/Gen Delos Emmons 1938 L/Col Harvey Burwell 1938 M/Gen Frank Andrews 1938

October 28, 1935, the Commanding General of the G.H.Q. Air Force then B/Gen F. M. Andrews, made the first tactical inspection of the 1^st Wing and observed several problems and exercises the Wing carried out.

On December 30, 1935, the Wing Commander, B/Gen Henry H. Arnold, was relieved and ordered to report to Washington, D.C. for duty as Assistant Chief of Air Corps.

On July 16, 1936, B/Gen Delos C. Emmons arrived at March Field from the Hawaiian Department and assumed command of the First Wing, G.H.Q. Air Force.

1^st Wing structure 1938

March Field CA First Wing GHQ Air Force B/Gen D. Emmons Staff: Maj E Hoag Exec, L/Col W Gates Adj, 1Lt W Gross Aide, Maj H Ramey Operations Hdqs & Hdqs Squadron Col J. Pirie 38 recon Sqd Maj P. Prentice 1^st Weather Sqd 1Lt H. Bassett 4^th Air Base Squadron 17^th Attack Group L/Col C. Wash Hdq Sqd 17^th AG 34^th Attack Sqd 73^rd Attack Sqd 95^th Attack Sqd 19^th Bombardment Group L/Col H. Burwell Hdq Sqd 19^th BG 30^th Bombardment Sqd 32^nd Bombardment Sqd 93^rd Bombardment Sqd (Oct 1939) 4^th Platoon 10^th Ordnance detached Cap P Schwartz 8^th Signal Service detached Cap E. Moon Finance Dept Medical Corp detachment L/Col B Wilson Com C 3^rd Qtr Master Reg (Truck) Maj H McGinnis

Hamilton Field CA Base Hdq Col D. Johnson 5^th Air Base Squadron 88^th Recon Squadron Maj N Longfellow 1^st Weather Sqd detached 7^th Bomb Group L/Col G Stratemeyer Hdq Sqd 7^th BG 9^th Bombardment Sqd 11^th Bombardment Sqd 4^th Platoon 10^th Ordnance detached 8^th Signal Service detached Finance Dept Medical Corp detachment Com C 3^rd Qtr Master Reg (Truck)

Note (1) The 32^nd did not go to Albuquerque with the 19^th BG mid 1941. Some flight crews of the 32^nd Sqd did flew B-17s to PI and were absorbed into the 19^th . The 32^nd ground echelon was on a separate ship en-route to PI but were called back when Pearl Harbor was attack. The 32^nd was reformed and later sent to North Africa – thus some 19^th BG personnel still list their origin as the 32^nd Sqd, though it was not a part of the 19^th in the Philippines.

Note (2) The 5^th Air Base Unit arrived on Mindanao to set up “Plumb” code name for Del Monte, the intended new home for the 7^th BG.

Note (3) The 88^th Recon Squadron, destination “Plumb” arrived Hawaii during Dec 7^th attack. They proceeded on flying Recon for Navy and continued Recon from Townsville Australia until made part of the 19^th BG Mar 1942.

Note (4) The 9^th & 11^th Sqds of the 7^th BG were sent, along with others, to Java as reinforcements. Most of the would serve as part of the reorganized 19^th BG in Australia.

Pilots of the 19^th BG Hdq Sqd by their B10 Officers of the 30^th Sqd 19^th BG by their B-18

Daedalian Award

The first Daedalian award was the Daedalian Trophy presented to the Army Air Corps organization (Group) with the best safety record for the preceding year. The winner was the Nineteenth Bombardment Group, March Field, California. The Awards Ceremony was held 21 September 1938. The stature of the fledgling Order of Daedalians was already evident as both the Chief of the Army Air Corps and the Commander GHQ Air Force flew out from the east coast for the ceremony. Major General Oscar Westover, Chief of the Army Air Corps (L) and Lt Gen Frank M. Andrews, Commander GHQ Air Force (R) flank Lt Col Harvey S. Burwell, Commander 19th Bomb Group. The Daedalian Trophy is the large trophy on the right; Lt Col Burwell holds the Colombian Trophy which was also presented that day.

The day ended on a sad note as within an hour after Gen Westover's takeoff, word was received that he had crashed and burned on landing at Lockheed, a tragic ending to a memorable day.

The original Daedalian Trophy was first awarded to the 19th Bomb Group at March Field on 21 Sept 1938 in a ceremony outside Post Headquarters. Key pilots present were Capt Overacker (left), Maj Gravely, Maj Peck, Maj Gardner, Maj Eubank, Lt Col Burwell (commanding), Lt Kreps, Capt Davidson and Maj Halvorson. The smaller cup is the Columbian Trophy.

ORDER OF DAEDALIANS

The ORDER OF DAEDALIANS was organized on 26 March 1934 by a representative group of American World War I pilots to perpetuate the spirit of patriotism, the love of country, and the high ideals of sacrifice which place service to nation above personal safety or position. The order is dedicated to: insuring that America will always be preeminent in air and space -- the encouragement of flight safety -- fostering an esprit de corps in the military air forces-promoting the adoption of military service as a career -- and aiding deserving young individuals in specialized higher education through the establishment of scholarships.

March Field facilities 1938

March Field aircraft 1938

1926 J. Doolittle 232 mph record	1926 Ford Tri Motor	1927 Sprit of St Louis Lindberg crosses Atlantic
1927 Pratt Whitney 9 Cyl “Wasp” 420 hp	1929 Consolidated PB1Y Used by 1^st Navigation Class 1940	1931 Boeing P-12E 500 hp Wasp Used by 28^th Sqd Clark Field PI
1932 Martin B-3	1934 Northrop A-17 PW R-1535	1935 B299 (B17) crashes looses W R1820
1934-1941 Consolidated Catalina PBY Q=3290 R1830		1917 US Liberty V12 400 hp at 1800 rpm
1935 1941 Consolidated PB2Y Q=216 R-1830		1935 Douglas DC3
1920 Ford 3.25 x 21” tires	1926 Ford balloon tires wood spoles	1927 Ford steel spokes
	<< 1932 Wright R-1820 9 cyl single bank with turbo supercharger Used by B10, B17, B18, P26. These “old” engines carried bombs over Germany against heavy opposition	In 1939 this was the only engine in mass production
1934 Pratt Whitney R1830 Used by F2A, B24, P34, P-35, P36, PBY	R1830 14 cyl two banks twin Wasp Used by LB-30, B-24
		1932 Allison V1710 << From Allison hand book on setting fuel-air mixture.
		1936 Rolls Royce Merlin V1650 Q=150,000 left cutaway. The built in supercharger was it’s most significant asset. Image Below is of: 1942 Rolls Royce Griffin V1650
Boeing P-12 in use at Clark Field PI in 1940	F2A R-1830 Flown in combat by: US Wake, AU Malaysia, Dutch Java	Boeing-Stearman PT-17 Cadet R-650
		1932 Boeing P-26 “Pea-Shooter” R-1820 Flown in Combat by Filipinos AF against Japanese

Left: Martin B-10, first version had retractable landing gear & three open cockpits

Right: Martin B-10A fwd position needed protection at 212 mph, has directional radio & turbo superchargers.

Martin B-10 at Chanute Field IL Airplane Mechanic School

Solid Aluminum propellers no pitch control -- Used to Map west coast of US 1935.

	Engine	HP	crew	speed	ceiling	gas	range	load
B-10B	R-1820-33	750	4	213	24,600	452max	590	2260

Boeing B-17D Flying Fortress no tail gun, no self sealing fuel tanks observation blisters on side.

Boeing B-17E with tail gun, side blisters removed, still no self sealing fuel tanks.

Original 30 to Clark Field were B-17 C & Ds -- replacements to Java & Australia were B-17Es

	Qty	Del	Engine	HP	crew	speed	ceiling	gas	range	load
B-17C	38	Nov 1940	R-1820-65	1200	8	323	37,000	1700	2,000	4,000
B-17D	42		R-1820-33		8	323	37,000	1700	2,000	4,000
B-17E	512	May 1942	R-1820-65	1200	9	317	36600	1700	2,000	4,000

Douglas B-18A DC-2 converted to a Bomber, it's $65,800 price was right, a death trap in combat.

	Qty	Del	Engine	HP	crew	speed	ceiling	gas	range	load
B-18A	227	1938	R-1820-53	1000		215	23,900	802-1170	1200	4000
B-18B	122	1939	R-1820-53	1000		215	23,900	802-1170	1200	4000

Boeing XB-15, Response to AF project "A" for long range bomber.

Douglas XB-19 Response to AAF's Project "A" for long range bomber.

	Flt	Engine	HP	crew	speed	ceiling	gas	range	load
XB-15	10-1937	(4)R-1830	1000		197	18,850		3400	2511
XB-19	06-1941	(4)R-3350	2000
XB-19A	xx-1943	(4)W-3420	2600

In Jul 1933 the AAF initiated Project "A" which was to develop a 5000 mile Long Range Bomber. Boeing proposed the B-15, Douglas the B-19, Martin the B-16. The B-16 was to have used (6) V-1710 Allison engines, four as tractor and two as pusher engines; a B-16 prototype was never built.

October 17, 1937 the Boeing XB-15 was flown.

1938 Boeing and Douglas proposed to drop the B-15 & B19 and start on new designs.

B-19 Project "A" became a means of testing R-3350 engine in 1941 and Allison W-3420-11 in 1943.

1937 Bruster Buffalo F2A R1830, Used in defense of Wake Island & by Dutch in Java, Aus in Malasya

P-35 Seversky>Republic Q=157 R1830 Flown by USAF against Japan 1941

P-36 Curtis Q=1153 R1830 Used by French, St Louis plant converted to P-40

Air Corp pre-war strategy:

P-38 Supercharged for high altitude

P-39 for Low altitude, equipped with 37mm cannon firing through prop shaft

P-40 for medium altitude (no supercharger)

P-43 Republic Q=218 R1830 Service unknown

F4F Gruman Q=8000, R1830 Main Carrier fighter, till replace by F6F

P-39 Bell, Q=9558, V1710 Service in S Pacific, large numbers to Russians

P-38 Lockheed Q=9923 V1710 +SC